Early Language & Literacy KnowledgeBase

The Early Language and Literacy KnowledgeBase is an online resource supporting language and literacy development in early learners from birth through age eight. Its focus is to support parents and caregivers in helping early learners with their language and literacy development, and teachers in enhancing their instruction for early learners from pre-Kindergarten through Grade 3.

Element 1: The Developing Early Learner

Purpose: Understanding the early learner's overall development lays the foundation for effective early language and literacy development. As early learners develop their language and literacy skills, cognitive abilities, emotional and social maturity, and physical capabilities, it is important to be aware these domains are all interconnected. This interconnectedness is a critical piece in the support of literacy and language development. Possessing such awareness may be helpful to teachers of early learners to enhance their teaching methods. Element 1 provides resources about the development of early learners and the role of family, caregivers, and first teachers with language and literacy development from birth through age eight.

Activity 1: Understand the Continuum of Child Development of the Early Learner

Activity 2: Understand the Role of Literacy in the Family

Element 2: Developing an Early Language and Literacy Learning Profile

Purpose: Understanding the status of early language and literacy in the early childhood care and educational environment at the community level is necessary to improve language and literacy development among early learners. Gathering information about the community helps members, including families, schools, and early childhood educators and caregivers, to understand the local landscape of early language and literacy.

Gathering information about the community is an important part of understanding the early childhood educational environment.

Activity 1: Build a Community Literacy Profile

Activity 2: Build an Early Child Care and School Literacy Profile

Task 4: Building Oral Language Skills


Guideline: Babies, parents, and caregivers interact through the cues and sounds they share with each other. Over time, the young child's oral development evolves into words and eventually into short sentences. Engaging in conversation with the young child nurtures language development.

Academic Vocabulary

This link is to the Tennessee Department of Education's academic vocabulary initiative. As noted at its website, "The goal of this project is to provide teachers a list of common terms or phrases aimed at improving vocabulary development of students in Tennessee." Though developed for use by Tennessee teachers, other teachers may find this content helpful with enhancing vocabulary instruction.


Building Academic Vocabulary

This link is to the Oklahoma State Department of Education's academic vocabulary initiative. As noted at its website, "This manual is designed to help school districts or individual schools systematically enhance the academic vocabulary of their students to better prepare them to learn new content in mathematics, science, language arts, and social studies."


Promoting Oral Language Development

This brochure developed by the University of North Carolina's Center for Literacy & Disability Studies provides a concise overview for promoting oral language through conversation and intentional talk.

Activities to Encourage Speech and Language Development

This link to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association website provides a lists of activities to encourage speech and language development in early learners from birth through age eight. Parents, caregivers, and educators of early learners may find these activities useful.


Conversations in Childcare

This link to the California Childcare Health Program website offers caregivers and teachers of early learners practical ti[ps on engaging in conversation with early learners.


Oral Language: Expanding Your Child's Vocabulary

This article, written by the West Bloomfield (Michigan) Township public library, indicates how developing oral language and expanding oral vocabulary increases early reading skills and prepares children to become readers.


Talk it Up!

This Center for Early Literacy Learning publication explains how educators of early learners can engage in conversation with their preschool age learners and how doing so helps develop language and literacy skills. The Center for Early Literacy Learning is funded by the U.S. Department of Education’s Office of Special Education Programs.

Early Beginnings Early Literacy Knowledge and Instruction

This resource is the first in the, Cornerstones: An Early Literacy Series provides instructional guidance for early childhood caregivers, teachers, and leaders. Based on the research findings of the National Early Literacy Panel’s report, this document lists early predictors of reading success, learning activities, suggestions for professional development, and a glossary of terms.


Learning to Talk and Listen

This resource, the second in the Cornerstones: An Early Literacy Series publications, is based on the findings of the National Early Literacy Panel about early literacy development. As noted in the document's introduction, "It summarizes the research findings on the relationship between young children's oral language skills and their later reading achievement, and suggests implications for early literacy practices to promote children's language development."


Lets Talk! Having Meaningful Conversations With Children

This article from the Australia's National Childcare Accreditation Council's Putting Children First magazine explores the important responsibility that educators of early learners have in engaging early learners in conversation that supports learning. Though intended for Australian child care professionals, the premises discussed may be useful to educators in other countries as well.


Oral Language Toolkit

This link to the Tennessee Department of Education's Early Grades Reading toolkit provides resources on oral language development including articles, videos and websites.


Young Children's Oral Language Development

This link to the Reading Rockets website reviews how young children learn oral language.

Supporting the Oral Language Development of Young Dual Language Learners: Why and How

This webinar by Linda Espinosa explores the importance of development oral language skills with children who are learning English. This presentation runs 54 minutes.

Element 3: The Foundation for Learning to Read and Write

Purpose: The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) defines early literacy as "what children know about reading and writing before they actually learn to read and write." This Element explores the foundation for learning to read and write, focusing on language development and emergent literacy skills.

Activity 1: Understand Language Development

Activity 2: Understand Emergent Literacy Milestones, Terminology, and Stages

Activity 3: Intentional Instruction to Enhance Language and Emergent Literacy Development

Element 4: Becoming a Reader and Writer

Purpose: This Element explores learning to read and write, focusing on the transitions from pre-school to Kindergarten and Kindergarten to first grade and the importance of a child-centered curriculum. Additionally, the Element delineates the research-based components of learning to read and write.

Activity 1: Transitions

Activity 2: The Learning Environment

Activity 3: A Child-Centered Curriculum

Activity 4: Reading Instruction

Activity 5: Writing Instruction

Activity 6: Creative Expression

Activity 7: Technology, Reading, and Writing

Activity 8: Teaching All Children to Read and Write

Element 5: Standards for Early Childhood Teaching and Learning

Purpose: Standards for early learning include those for educators of early learners, state-level early learning guidelines or standards, and applicable national standards. Educators of early learners need to be aware of the standards impacting licensure and instruction. This Element provides information about applicable standards impacting educators of early learners and their students.

Activity 1: Be Aware of Standards for Early Childhood Educators

Activity 2: Be Aware of Early Childhood Learning Standards

Activity 3: Align Curriculum and Instruction to Standards

Element 6: Building Support for Early Learning Programs

Purpose: Building support for language and literacy development of early learners involves the participation of parents and caregivers, the business community, local community groups, and educational and state governmental leaders. To promote and enhance early learner language and development, educators need to be aware of the role each group plays and how to communicate with them. This Element provides resources to help educators of early learners gain such awareness.

Activity 1: Develop Parent, Caregivers, and Community Support

Activity 2: Interact with Advocates and Policy Makers

Element 7: Using Data to Improve Early Learning Outcomes

Purpose: Formative and summative assessments and observations provide the basis for planning instruction, making adjustments, and refining future assessments. Assessment results show educators of early learners where changes need to be made in instructional approaches for groups of students or individual students. The assessment outcomes also show parents of early learners how their child is progressing. This Element explores how to use data to improve learning outcomes for early learners.

Activity 1: Use Multidimensional Learning Data

Activity 2: Use Data to Improve Instruction and Increase Learning

Activity 3: Inform and Collect Feedback from Constituencies